Credit: Patrick Sullivan (writer), Michael Miller (Illustrator)
Tattoo art has evolved over the decades, but little has changed about the machines buzzing away in shops around the world. Since Thomas Edison patented his Stencil-Pen in 1877 and Charles Wagner patented the first tattoo machine in 1904, the standard tattoo machine has hummed away relatively unchanged—that is until 2000, when California tattooer Carson Hill created the first pneumatic tattoo machine. His Neuma machines (neumatattoomachines.com) ditch the industry-standard electric coil machine for a design that runs off of an air compressor. Neumas are smaller and lighter and give the tattooer more control, especially in tighter areas. They have no vibration, diminish stress on the hands, and run smooth at any angle.